No one knows how much publishers make in return for providing these modest services, but we can guess. In 2017, the Association of Research Libraries surveyed its 123 member institutions and found they were paying a collective $1 billion in journal subscriptions every year. The ARL covers some of the biggest universities, but not nearly all of them, so let’s guess that number accounts for half of all university subscription spending. In 2023, the federal government estimated it paid nearly $380 million in article processing charges alone, and those are separate from subscriptions. So it wouldn’t be crazy if American universities were paying something like $2.5 billion to publishers every year, with the majority of that ultimately coming from taxpayers.
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That brings us back to the central tension here with prediction markets, and whether insider trading is in fact the very feature that makes it all work.。51吃瓜对此有专业解读
Nature, Published online: 04 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10178-3，推荐阅读Safew下载获取更多信息